/Recent content on GoodbyePlanet blogHugo -- gohugo.ioen-usTue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000/post/llm-parameters/Tue, 17 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000/post/llm-parameters/When working with Large Language Models via API, understanding the temperature and top-p parameters is essential for transforming basic text generation into precise, predictable, or highly creative outputs. Let’s go straight to the examples! You go to the developer console of your favorite LLM provider and ask about the weather: The weather today is… LLM will start predicting the next word that comes after “is” and it does this by generating a list of next probable tokens./post/contextual-retrieval/Fri, 16 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000/post/contextual-retrieval/In previous posts, we have discussed the RAG systems and how they work. We have also discussed the problem of lost context in embedded documents. One of the steps when building a RAG system is to chunk the documents into smaller pieces, then use an embedding model to convert these smaller pieces (chunks) into vector embeddings, and then storing them into Vector DB. This is done to improve the efficiency of the retrieval process, but it also comes with a problem: individual chunks can lose important semantic context./post/rag-reranking/Mon, 12 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000/post/rag-reranking/RAG re-ranking is the process of re-ordering retrieved documents using a more accurate relevance model so the LLM sees the best possible context. Let’s break it down. There are two steps: Retrieval: Is the process of finding relevant documents using, e.g., similarity search. This will return e.g. 50 possible candidate documents. Re-ranking: Reranker will then take a user query into consideration and re-order (filter) most relevant documents. (top N candidates)/post/embeddings/Wed, 07 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000/post/embeddings/Definition: Embeddings are vectors that represent semantic meaning in a multi-dimensional space. Let’s break this down: Vectors: A vector is just an array of numbers. For an AI model, the word “Apple” might look like this: [0.43, -0.12, 0.98, …]. This “numerical identity” is what allows the computer to perform math on language. We can also represent people (and things) as vectors of numbers. Semantic Meaning: Because “Apple” and “Pear” are both fruits, their vectors will have very similar numbers./post/rag/Sun, 04 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000/post/rag/RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) is a technique that addresses the limitation of LLMs not having domain-specific or up-to-date knowledge by augmenting the model’s responses with relevant information retrieved from an external data source. This is a traditional RAG system that uses bi-encoders for Indexing (Ingestion Phase) as well as for Retrieval (Query Phase). To ensure that each vector represents a small, focused piece of information, we split the documents into smaller chunks and embed them individually./post/passkeys/Thu, 27 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000/post/passkeys/The End of Passwords? Passkeys are a modern replacement for passwords that offer a safer and easier login experience. You authenticate using the same biometrics or PIN you use to unlock your device, such as FaceID, TouchID, or Windows Hello. Under the hood, passkeys rely on WebAuthn/FIDO2 and asymmetric public-key cryptography, a system where your device generates a private–public key pair: the private key remains securely on your device, and the public key is shared with the server./post/oauth-bff/Fri, 22 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000/post/oauth-bff/Introduction In this blog post I will give you an example of how to implement OAuth 2.0 backend including BFF (Backend For Frontend) for browser-based applications using Spring Security OAuth 2.0 authorization server, Spring Cloud Gateway for BFF, Spring OAuth 2.0 Resource Server and React as a frontend client. In order to understand parts of this blog post it would be good to have a knowledge about basic OAuth 2.0 concepts and flows./post/six-degrees-of-separation/Wed, 12 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000/post/six-degrees-of-separation/Have you ever heard about Six Degrees of Separation theory? This theory states that you’re at most six degrees away from anyone on the planet Earth, all these people. In the modern world with all these social network platforms, this means that you’re just six or fewer social connections away from anyone. So, imagine some famous person, say Linus Torvalds. By this theory it means you know someone, who knows someone, who knows someone, who knows someone, who knows someone, who knows Linus Torvalds./post/auth-code-flow-confidential-client-with-bff/Tue, 11 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000/post/auth-code-flow-confidential-client-with-bff/Let’s explore how Authorization Code Flow works for Confidential client using BFF (Backend For Frontend). In this example we have a (messenger.app.com) that wants to access User (Resource Owner) Gmail contacts. Flow starts when User initiates Authorization Request on (messenger.app.com) by clicking “Get Gmail Contacts” button. (messenger.app.com) sends request to BFF (Confidential Client) which is responsible for communicating with Authorization Server, BFF then returns HTTP 302 response with Location response header containing URL to Authorization Server - GET /oauth2/authorize./post/authorization-code-flow-pkce/Mon, 10 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000/post/authorization-code-flow-pkce/Let’s explore how Authorization Code Flow with PKCE (Proof Key For Code Exchange) extension works in OAuth 2.0. In this example we have a Public Client (messenger.app.com) that wants to access User (Resource Owner) Gmail contacts. Flow starts when User initiates Authorization Request on (messenger.app.com) by clicking “Get Gmail Contacts” button. Client app redirects User to Google’s authorization server (accounts.google.com) with GET /oauth2/authorize request. The request contains: response_type=code → Requesting an authorization code./post/oauth-core-concepts/Thu, 06 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0000/post/oauth-core-concepts/Let’s explore core OAuth 2.0 concepts. Main Entities Resource Owner – The user who owns the data and grants access. Client – The application requesting access on behalf of the user. Can be confidential (with client authentication, e.g., server-side apps) Or public (without client authentication, e.g., mobile or JavaScript apps). Authorization Server – Issues access tokens after validating authorization. Resource Server – Hosts protected resources and validates access tokens./post/zod-env/Sat, 08 Jul 2023 00:00:00 +0000/post/zod-env/In this blog post, we will explore how to use Zod, a powerful TypeScript-first schema validation library, to create globally defined TypeScript types for environment variables in a project. Let’s get straight to the code. environment.d.ts import { z } from "zod"; const environmentVariables = z.object({ OPENAI_API_KEY: z.string(), NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL: z.string(), SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY: z.string(), }); declare global { namespace NodeJS { interface ProcessEnv extends z.infer<typeof environmentVariables> {} } } First we define environmentVariables, a Zod schema./post/git-fixup/Thu, 18 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000/post/git-fixup/In this blog post, I’ll introduce git –fixup, a valuable feature that aids in maintaining a clean commit history for your project. Whether you’re junior developer or someone with more experience, you’ve probably encountered situations where you’ve made multiple commits on a feature branch, only to discover a bug in a commit that you’d like to change. If the bug is in the most recent commit, you can use –amend to modify it./post/grpc/Mon, 08 May 2023 00:00:00 +0000/post/grpc/So what is gRPC? It’s an open-source remote procedure call framework created by Google. Let’s break it down a bit more to see what is RPC. RPC (remote procedure call) is a protocol, it allows two or more computers to communicate with each other over the network in a way that clients can call functions/procedures on the remote server without having to understand network architecture or communication details of that remote system./post/protocol-buffers/Fri, 17 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000/post/protocol-buffers/We all know what is JSON, YAML, XML right? Protocol Buffers are similar, but smaller, faster, and one can say they are even simpler. Let’s try to understand what smaller, faster, simpler means. SMALLER - To compare Byte sizes for JSON and for Protobuf message I used python scripts which you can find in this GitHub Repo. So to calculate byte size of the Protocol Buffer message some rules have to be followed./post/clean-node-modules/Wed, 15 Mar 2023 00:00:00 +0000/post/clean-node-modules/node_modules can be huge, I’m pretty sure you experienced that. If you have a lot of JavaScript projects on your machine that are just sitting there and you are not working them anymore, there is a neat way to clean node_modules so they don’t take up your disk space. npx npkill Is all that you need. :) You can also take a look at their Homepage./post/structured-clone/Mon, 23 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000/post/structured-clone/If you are Javascript developer you probably had a chance to do deep cloning. If you were doing it before April 2022 you most likely had to do workarounds or use libraries to get the job done for you. For those who don’t understand what is deep clone let’s first understand shallow clone. If you have an object which has nested object in itself, shallow copy would mean that any change you make to values of nested object will be visible in copy as well as in original object./post/react-tip/Thu, 17 Nov 2022 00:00:00 +0000/post/react-tip/Have you ever done something like this in your ReactJS code? function ComponentA() { function ComponentB() { return <div>Hello from Child component</div> } return ( <div> <p>Hello from component A</p> <ComponentB /> </div> ) } If Yes, then please don’t do it anymore, and here is why. React has it’s rendering algorithm for finding what changed in DOM structure in order to paint only changed parts of the UI. This algorithm will compare HTML elements by their types and it will use reference comparison./post/git-what-changed/Fri, 14 Oct 2022 00:00:00 +0000/post/git-what-changed/You know that feeling when you come back from vacation, and you want to know what has been done in the days while you were not there, but you’re too lazy to go through each and every Pull Request to see the changes. It would be much easier if there is one command in the terminal that can give you all changed files. Well sir, there is one. git whatchanged -p --since='2 weeks ago' This command will give you diff of all files that changed in the last 2 weeks./post/vim-003/Thu, 29 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000/post/vim-003/You want to jump like a kangaroo? Let’s learn horizontal jumping :). Having code example like bellow: document.getElementById('patterns-nav').scrollTop = parseInt(localStorage.getItem('scrollPoint')); If my cursor is at the start of the line and I want to jump to the = sign I could do: f= - to find = sign and jump to it t= - to jump to one character before = sign If I wanted to jump to localStorage I would do it with this command:/post/git-amend/Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000/post/git-amend/If you’re developer I’m pretty sure that by working with git every day it happened that you committed some changes and then you realized that you made a typo in the commit message, or you realized that you have to add one more line of code, and for that small change there is no reason to add completely new commit. This is where –amend option comes handy. If you made a typo in commit message you don’t have to use git reset and then git commit to add a new message, you can use:/post/explain-shell/Tue, 20 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000/post/explain-shell/Have you ever stumbled on command that does the thing that you want, but you don’t have a slightest clue how it works and what those arguments mean in that crazy command?. Visit this amazing app ExplainShell and play around. :)/post/vim-001/Tue, 20 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000/post/vim-001/If you are here you most likely have a problem with exiting Vim?. So let’s fix that. The way that all people of Planet Earth know: :wq which stands for write/save and quit. This will do the just fine, and you will be outside of Vim. Another way that will do the same thing but, it’s a bit shorter: :x The fastest way that does exact same thing like previous two commands:/post/vim-002/Tue, 20 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000/post/vim-002/You want to jump like a kangaroo? So, let’s start with vertical jumping :). First, open Vim.js and do this: :set relativenumber Then let’s say we have something like this: My cursor is at line 1. And I want to jump all the way down to the var LibraryVIM. Copy LibraryVIM, then I want to go up above the line where vim_lib.js is and paste what I’ve copied. I will do:/post/lobotomized-owl/Sun, 18 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000/post/lobotomized-owl/Have you even heard about Lobotomized owl selector in CSS? If not this is how it looks like. * + * { margin-top: 1rem; } Crazy CSS stuff right? So what does it do? We all know that ✱ is universal CSS selector that applies given style to all elements in the DOM. The trick here is with ✚ sign adjacent sibling combinator, which will apply given style to all non-first elements, and no matter how many nested levels in your HTML structure you have./post/update-deps/Sat, 17 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000/post/update-deps/If you’re Web developer you’ve probably been in the position where you have to update outdated dependencies from your package.json. You could run npm outdated to get all outdated dependencies, and then use npm install to install each dependency one by one. But this is just annoying to do. What I’ll do instead is the following: npm outdated --parseable | cut -f4 -d: | grep "@types" | xargs npm install This will execute outdated with parsable argument, so I can pipe it to cut to get right column and then pipe it to grep which will find dependencies with specific name I want to update, in this case I want to update all Typescript types and finally pipe it to xargs to install them./post/js-fuck/Sat, 17 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000/post/js-fuck/Copy this code and run it in your console. 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For more details go to the JSFuck.